Potential and Current UM Mentors

 



Barbara L. Brush, PhD, ANP-BC, FAAN

Professor

Carol J. and F. Edward Lake Term Clinical Professor

Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership

INTERESTS

  • Participatory research
  • Health disparity
  • Family homelessness
  • International nurse migration
  • Nurse workforce policy

The author of two books and over seventy journal articles, Dr. Brush uses a community based participatory research (CBPR) approach to promote health and reduce health inequality among vulnerable community-based populations. She is currently leading a 5-year study of longstanding CBPR partnerships and developing an instrument to measure factors contributing to partnership success. In addition, she is conducting ongoing research with homeless families in Detroit to test the use of narrative interventions in improving trauma disclosure and help seeking and reduce homelessness recidivism. An advanced practice nurse (APN) and historian, Dr. Brush has also been part of a longstanding team designing APN care delivery models and measuring their outcomes in nursing home settings. She examines important issues in nurse workforce development and capacity building and is a leading expert on international nurse migration. Her participation on national and international committees and boards has informed policies on the ethical recruitment of nurses, practice regulations to ensure nursing practice safety and quality, and improvements in health delivery.

CURRENT RESEARCH GRANTS AND PROGRAMS

  • Measurement Approaches to Partnership Success (MAPS): An Innovative Tool for Assessing Long-Standing CBPR Partnerships. NIH, NINR. (PI). 2016-2021. RO1NR016123.
  • CBPR: Enhancing Capacity to Use Innovative Methodologies in the Behavioral and Social Sciences. NIH. (Co-I). PI: C. Coombe and B. Israel. 2016-2018. 1R25GM111837-01.
  • Breaking the Cycle: Piloting a Trauma Intervention in Mothers Experiencing Homelessness. Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research. (Co-I). PI: L. Gultekin. 2016-2017. UL1TR000433.
  • Foreign Nurses in Nursing Homes: Recruitment, Education, and Scope of Practice. University of California SF Intramural Grant. (Co-I). PI: L.M. Wagner. 2016-2017.

Lynae Darbes, PhD

Associate Professor
School of Nursing
Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities
Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences

Current Mentee: Kedsarporn Kenbubpha

INTERESTS

  • Health Psychology
  • Relationship dynamics
  • International HIV prevention
  • Mental health
  • Women’s health

Dr. Darbes’ research is anchored in the fields of heath psychology and behavioral medicine.  Specifically, her research examines how primary partners can influence health behaviors, which impacts one’s morbidity and mortality. For example, relationship factors such as intimacy and desired fertility are often factors that can strongly influence sexual behavior. She has conducted longitudinal investigations of relationship dynamics on sexual risk behavior and HIV testing, utilizing qualitative and quantitative methodologies, among heterosexual and gay male couples both domestically and internationally. Her work utilizes theoretically grounded approaches, incorporating social psychology, as well as classic concepts of health behavior change. Dr. Darbes’ research perspective is that our partners are not merely supporting us in an emotional sense, rather they are exerting powerful influences that can significantly impact on our health and well-being. Her goals include understanding how to leverage the power of relationships to intervene to improve mental and physical health outcomes.

CURRENT RESEARCH GRANTS AND PROGRAMS

  • A randomized trial to prevent HIV among gay couples. NIH/NIMH R01 MH 110289, Co-Principal Investigator
  • Home visits for couples to promote male engagement in PMTCT and MCH in Kenya. NIH/NIMH R34 102103, Co-Investigator
  • Understanding prevention needs of male couples in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and Namibia, DFID (Department for International Funding)/UK, Co-Investigator
  • HIV prevention for male couples in Africa, MAC AIDS Fund, Co-Investigator
  • Relationship factors and engagement in care in Malawi: A dyadic investigation NIH/NIMH K01 107331 (PI: Amy Conroy), Primary Research Mentor

Ivo D. Dinov, PhD

Professor

Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Medical School

Associate Director for Education and Training, Michigan Institute for Data Science

Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences Vice Chair

Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences

Current Mentee: Chinakorn Sujimongkul

INTERESTS

  • Spacekime and Predictive healthcare analytics
  • Biomedical data science
  • Health and neuroscience informatics
  • Teaching with technology and blended instruction
  • Mathematical modeling and statistical computing

Dr. Dinov is the Director of the Statistics Online Computational Resource (SOCR) and is an expert in mathematical modeling, statistical analysis, high-throughput computational processing and scientific visualization of large datasets (Big Data). His applied research is focused on neuroscience, nursing informatics, multimodal biomedical image analysis, and distributed genomics computing. Examples of specific brain research projects Dr. Dinov is involved in include longitudinal morphometric studies of development (e.g., Autism, Schizophrenia), maturation (e.g., depression, pain) and aging (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease). He also studies the intricate relations between genetic traits (e.g., SNPs), clinical phenotypes (e.g., disease, behavioral and psychological test) and subject demographics (e.g., race, gender, age) in variety of brain and heart related disorders. Dr. Dinov is developing, validating and disseminating novel technology-enhanced pedagogical approaches for science education and active learning.

CURRENT RESEARCH GRANTS AND PROGRAMS

  • NS091856 Biostatistics and Data Management Core, Cholinergic Mechanisms of Gait Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease. This research examines the role of cholinergic lesions in gait and balance abnormalities in Parkinson’s Disease and develops novel treatment strategies targeted at cholinergic neurotransmission.
  • DK089503 Integrative Biostatistics and Informatics Core. The Michigan Nutrition Obesity Research Center conducts research to encourage and enable researchers to integrate advanced phenotyping and computational tools to more fully define individual and population characteristics that arise in response to dietary nutrient composition or amount.
  • NR015331 Center for Complexity and Self-management of Chronic Disease investigates health promotion, illness prevention and the burden of chronic illness burgeons using advanced methods, complexity theory, and data analytics.
  • NSF DUE 1023115 The Distributome Project (http://distributome.org/) is an open-source, open content-development project for exploring, discovering, learning, and computational utilization of diverse probability distributions. Role: Site-Principal Investigator.
  • EB020406 Big Data for Discovery Center aims to create a user-focused graphical system to dynamically create, modify, manage and manipulate multiple collections of big datasets and enrich next generation “Big Data” workflow technologies as well as to develop an interface to enable modeling, visualization, and the interactive exploration of Big Data.
  • NSF 1916425: This project builds the Midwest Big Data Hub, a consortium of partners and working groups working in Big Data and including stakeholders in the twelve states of the Midwest Census region (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin) and six leading universities that support hundreds of researchers, technologists, and students. This hub provides a basis for collaboration and outreach that increases the potential for benefiting society.
  • NIH 1R01CA233487: Optimal Decision Making in Radiotherapy Using Panomics Analytics. The long-term goal of this project is to overcome barriers related to prediction uncertainties and human-computer interactions, which are currently limiting the ability to make personalized clinical decisions for real-time response-based adaptation in radiotherapy from available data. To meet this need and overcome current challenges, we have assembled a multidisciplinary team including: clinicians, medical physicists, data scientists, and human factor experts.

David M. Fresco, Ph.D.

Professor of Psychiatry

Current Mentee: Kedsarporn Kenbubpha

Interests

  •  Elucidating neurobehavioral underpinnings of emotion, emotion regulation, and distress
  •  Development and evaluation of mindfulness-based interventions for chronic emotional and medical conditions complicated by distress
  •  Basic, translational, and treatment implications of metacognitive capacities (e.g., decentering)

His program of research adopts an affective neuroscience perspective to conduct basic, translational, and treatment studies of anxiety and mood disorders, particularly distress disorders (e.g., major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder) incorporating methodologies including functional neuroimaging (fMRI & EEG), peripheral psychophysiology, and serum markers (e.g., inflammation, neurodegeneration).

Another facet of Dr. Fresco’s research has focused on the development of treatments informed by affective and contemplative neuroscience findings that incorporate mindfulness meditation and other practices derived from Buddhist mental training exercises.

Increasingly, with collaborators at ISR, Dr. Fresco has initiated clinical trials for treatment optimization and implementation utilizing adaptive intervention methodology (e.g., sequential multiple assignment randomized trials [SMART] & just-in-time adaptive interventions [JITAIs])

Much of his current and recent NIH-funded research has focused on examining neurobehavioral mechanisms and efficacy of mindfulness-enriched treatments for chronic illnesses, and the role of emotion regulation strategies in everyday life to reduce distress.


Benjamin Hampstead, Ph.D., ABPP/CN

Stanley Berent, Ph.D. Collegiate Professor of Psychology
Director, Research Program on Cognition and Neuromodulation Based Interventions
Staff Psychologist, Mental Health Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System
Clinical Core Leader, Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center

Current Mentee: Supaporn Trongsakul

Interests

  • Neuropsychological assessment of Aging, Dementia, Stroke, Epilepsy
  • Cognitive effects of chronic stress / post-traumatic stress disorder
  • Cognitive rehabilitation
  • Effects of neurologic injury and disease on cognitive functioning, especially learning, memory, and executive abilities, especially in aging and dementia
  • Non-pharmacologic intervention for enhancing cognitive, emotional, and everyday functioning. Methods include
    • Cognitively oriented treatments (cognitive rehabilitation, training, remediation)
    • Non-invasive brain stimulation (transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial alternating current stimulation, transcranial random noise stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation)
  • Structural and functional neuroimaging as both predictive and outcome tools

Web Sites


Yun Jiang, PhD, MS, RN

Assistant Professor

Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership

INTERESTS

Consumer health informatics

  • Data mining
  • Chronic condition self-management
  • Technology acceptance and use
  • Cancer survivorship

Dr. Jiang’s research focuses on informatics- and data-driven solutions for chronic condition self-management, with emphasis on cancer medication adherence and symptom self-management. She is interested in discovering consumer health self-management behavior patterns from data, and developing information technology-based support to empower and engage patients and families in health self-management. Her current research projects include (1) identifying factors associated with patients’ acceptance and use of mobile technology for health self-monitoring and decision support, (2) exploring the complex relationships among patient adherence to oral oncolytics, experience with side effects and self-management activities and (3) understanding cancer patients’ toxicity self-reporting behaviors using natural language processing and machine learning approaches. Dr. Jiang has received trainings in both Nursing and Health Informatics. She is also holding certificates in Gerontology (Gerontechnology track) and Clinical & Translational Science.

CURRENT RESEARCH GRANTS AND PROGRAMS

  • Self-management of Oral Oncolytic Agents and Side Effects among Patients with Cancer. Pilot funding of the Center for Complexity and Self-Management of Chronic Disease (NIH/NINR P20NR015331-03), 2016-2018. Role: Pilot PI.

Kevin Joiner, PhD, APRN, ANP-BC

Assistant Professor

Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences

INTERESTS

  • Diabetes
  • Vulnerable populations
  • Type 2 diabetes prevention
  • Risk perception among Latino immigrants and U.S.-born Latinos
  • Telehealth and mobile health

Dr. Joiner’s research interests center on prevention of type 2 diabetes and improvement of health outcomes of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and the development of self-management interventions for populations that do not have adequate access to preventive and primary care health services. Projects have included describing Latino immigrants’ perceptions of risks of developing type 2 diabetes, developing and testing of a type 2 diabetes prevention intervention delivered via mobile app, describing the experiences during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood in Latino youth with type 1 diabetes, piloting an exercise and coping skills training program for adolescents with type 1 diabetes. He is currently working to develop and pilot test a Spanish-language type 2 diabetes prevention self-management support intervention that is sensitive to unique Latino cultural preferences and accessible to individuals who are limited English proficiency.


Erin M. Kahle, PhD, MPH

Assistant Professor
School of Nursing
Deputy Director, Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities

Current Mentee: Kusman Ibrahim

INTERESTS

  • Infectious disease epidemiology
  • Public health
  • Health disparities
  • Global health
  • HIV/AIDS

Dr. Kahle is an infectious disease epidemiologist with a program of research focusing on biological, interpersonal and structural factors associated with sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in vulnerable and marginalized populations, both domestically and globally. Her research efforts include identifying factors that influence SRH, barriers to accessing prevention and healthcare, and developing effective strategies to reduce adverse SRH outcomes. Her prior work includes extensive experience in public health and clinical research settings that informs her interest in how the intersection between behavior and biology affects health. Dr. Kahle has a specific research concentration in HIV prevention, including the design of effective, integrated behavioral and biomedical HIV prevention programs aimed at reducing HIV transmissions among sexual minorities and in resource-limited settings.


Anthony King, Ph.D.

Assistant Professor of Psychiatry (Instructional Track)
Faculty Associate RCGD (ISR)

Current Mentee: Kedsarporn Kenbubpha

Areas of Interest

  • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and other trauma-related disorders
  • Major Depression
  • Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)
  • Mind-Body Interventions for Anxiety and Trauma
  • Self-Compassion in treatments for Depression and Anxiety
  • Neurobiology and Neuroimaging of PTSD
  • Genetics of PTSD, and Gene x Environment Interaction in Psychiatric Risk and Resilience
  • Neurocircuitry of Cognitive-Emotional Regulation
  • Neuroimaging of Mindfulness-based Interventions and Meditation

Janet L. Larson, PhD, RN, FAAN

Professor
School of Nursing
Department Chair
Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences

Current Mentee: I Gede Putu Darma Suyasa

INTERESTS

  • Exercise and COPD
  • Stigma with COPD
  • Functional status in COPD
  • Anxiety and depression in COPD

Dr. Larson is an expert in the pulmonary rehabilitation of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). She maintains an active program of research, studying factors that influence symptoms, physical activity, and quality of life for people with COPD. Most of her research focuses on exercise interventions for people with COPD and includes a series of studies to examine the effects of inspiratory muscle training and cycle ergometry training (NIH NR01428). In the past, Dr. Larson has conducted a prospective longitudinal study to examine factors that influence deterioration of respiratory muscle strength and functional status in people with COPD (NIH NR04129). More recently, she completed a randomized controlled trial of upper body strength training with a self-efficacy enhancing intervention to promote exercise adherence in people with COPD (NIH NR 08037). She is currently conducting studies to examine daily physical activity and the effects of an exercise intervention to increase physical activity in people with COPD.

CURRENT RESEARCH GRANTS AND PROGRAMS

  • Monitoring Physical Activity Behavior in People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: a preliminary study (Larson, JL, PI; Han, ML Co-I)
  • Lifestyle physical activity intervention for people with COPD (Larson, JL, PI; Gretebeck, K, Co-I; Han, ML, Co-I)
  • “Center for complexity and self-management of chronic disease,” (Multiple PI, D Barton and I Dinov), P20NR15331,9/2014-72019. The center was established to support the development of research that advances the self-management of people with complex co-morbid conditions and the use of complex interventions. Dr. Larson is director of the pilot core.

Yi Li, PhD

Professor of Biostatistics, SPH

Current Mentee: Chinakorn Sujimongkul

INTERESTS

Survival analysis, longitudinal and correlated data analysis, measurement error problems, spatial models and clinical trial designs. His group is developing methodologies for analyzing large-scale and high-dimensional datasets, with direct applications in observational studies as well in genetics/genomics. His methodologic research is funded by various NIH statistical grants starting from year 2003. Yi Li is actively involved in collaborative research in clinical trials and observational studies with researchers from the University of Michigan and Harvard University. The applications have included chronic kidney disease surveillance, organ transplantation, cancer preventive studies and cancer genomics.


Kathleen Potempa, BA, MS, Ph.D., RN

Professor
School of Nursing
Dean Emerita

Current Mentee: Andi Masyitha Irwan

INTERESTS

  • Population Health
  • Global research capacity building
  • Gerontology research and practice

Dr. Potempa’s research program has focused on fatigue, exercise, and cardiovascular fitness in physically impaired populations.   for which she has received funding support from the U.S. National Institutes of Health, the Fogarty International Center at the NIH, the U.S. Health Resource and Services Administration, the U.S. Administration on Aging, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and several pharmaceutical companies for phase IV efficacy studies. She is currently funded by NIH/Fogarty to train post-doctoral fellows in non-communicable disease research in Thailand, by the Center for Medicare/Medicaid Services and the Michigan Health Endowment Fund for studies in healthy aging.

She has over 120 scientific publications, more than 100 national and international scientific and professional presentations.  Dr. Potempa has served on national and international expert panels and committees on research, including NIH review panels; she serviced as a member of the National Advisory Council for Nursing Research at the NIH from 2009-2012, an appointment made by the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services. She is an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine.

CURRENT RESEARCH GRANTS AND PROGRAMS

  • Michigan Health Endowment Fund (Under review 2020; 1/1/2021-12/30/2022). Living at Home: Building Resilience to Age in Place – A Cohort Study. ($489,493). Role: Principal Investigator
  • Center for Medicare/Medicaid Services/MDHHS (Med-Match Award 1/1/2020 – 9/30/2021). Healthy Lifetime: Building Resilience to Age in Place – A Randomized Trial. ($656,302). Role: Principal Investigator.
  • HHS, NIH/Fogarty International Center 2D43 TW009883 (Funded 06/01/2019-05/31/2024). D43 Competitive Renewal: Expansion of NCD Research Capacity in Thailand with Outreach to Indonesia. ($1,337,902). Role: Principal Investigator.
  • HHS, NIH/National Institute on Aging (Funded 2017-2021). NIH/NIA R01AG056102-01. Web-enabled social interaction to delay cognitive decline among seniors with MCI: Phase 1, ($1,697,854). Role: Multisite Investigators: Dodge, Hampstead, Potempa, Struble. UM Site PI: Potempa/Struble.

Clayton J. Shuman, Ph.D., MSN, RN

Assistant Professor

Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership

INTERESTS

  • Implementation and Dissemination Science
  • Evidence-based Practice
  • Health Services Research
  • Nursing Leadership
  • Neonatal and women’s health nursing

Dr. Shuman’s expertise is in implementation and translation science with a specific focus on the effect of context on implementation success/failure; outcomes (patient, unit, and organization level); and sustainability of intervention effects following implementation.  His research advances the science of implementation by examining the process of transferring interventions into local practice settings and developing and testing implementation interventions that expedite and sustain evidence-based practices (EBP), thus, ultimately improving patient care delivery and outcomes. His current work investigates the role of nurse managers in creating and fostering climates conducive for implementation and use of evidence-based practices. Dr. Shuman’s clinical background is in neonatal intensive care nursing and maternal health, with specific interests in high-risk pregnancy and delivery, improving care of high-risk neonates, and supporting families caring for newborns.

CURRENT RESEARCH GRANTS AND PROGRAMS

  • “Mom is medicine: Exploring factors affecting implementation of maternal-delivered care for opioid-exposed infants.” (PI). UMSN, 7/11/2019-7/10/2021
  • “Neonatal abstinence syndrome: maternal attitudes and pharmacogenetic predictors.” (co-I). M-Cubed, 2018-2020
  • “Nurse perceptions of engaging mothers in the care of their substance-exposed infant” (PI). UMSN.
  • “Preparing for takeoff: Using stakeholder data to inform Re-Implementation of the ‘My Flight Plan for Home’ discharge tool in the neonatal ICU.” (PI). UMSN.

Sarah A. Stoddard, PhD, RN, CNP, FSAHM, FAAN

Associate Professor

Director, PhD Program, School of Nursing

Associate Professor, Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health

Co-Director, Training and Education Core, University of Michigan Injury Prevention Center

Research Affiliate, Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research

Research Affiliate, Institute on Women and Gender

Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership

Current Mentee: Patcharee Jaigarun

INTERESTS

  • Adolescent Substance Use
  • Future orientation
  • Adolescent health
  • Risk and resilience
  • Prevention Science

Dr. Stoddard is recognized nationally for her leadership in adolescent health and her interdisciplinary research to prevent substance use and violence among vulnerable populations of youth. Through research, leadership in community-based partnerships, and linkages with schools, she has advanced the frontier of substance use prevention through interventions that enhance future expectations and school connectedness among vulnerable youth. Her research publications have significantly broadened the knowledge base and importance of future expectations as a key internal asset for the preventing substance use and violence.

Dr. Stoddard’s career has focused on promoting the health and well-being of youth living in communities characterized by substantial health and social disparities, and includes professional experience as a local public health nurse focused on maternal-child health, a nurse practitioner in community- and school-based clinics, and the State Adolescent Health Coordinator for the Minnesota Department of Health.

CURRENT RESEARCH GRANTS AND PROGRAMS

  • National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities. The Flint Center for Health Equity Solutions. Project 2: Strengthen Flint Families. Role: Academic Co-PI (Multiple PI: D. Furr-Holden, S. Stoddard) (5U54MD011227)
  • University of Michigan Office of Research, Youth Empowerment Solutions for Positive Futures: A pilot study. Role: Principal Investigator
  • National Institute of Justice. Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Say Something Anonymous Reporting System to Improve School Safety. Role: Co-Investigator (MPI: J. Heinze, H. Hsieh) (2017-CK-BX-0002)
  • National Center for Injury Prevention and Control NIH. University of Michigan Injury Center, Role: Co-I/Director, Training and Education Core (PI: R. Cunningham) (5R49CE002099-05S1)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse. Intergenerational Transmission of Drug Use in an Urban Sample. Role: Co-Investigator (PI: M. Zimmerman) (R01DA035811)
  • Centers for Disease Control. Michigan Youth Violence Prevention Center Community Engagement and Revitalization. Role: Co-Investigator (PI: M. Zimmerman). (U01 CE002698)
  • Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. Reducing HIV Vulnerability Thru Multilevel Life Skills Intervention for Adolescent Men. Role: Co-Investigator (PI: J. Bauermeister, R. Stephenson). (U01 MD011274)

Laura M. Struble, PhD, GNP-BC

Clinical Associate Professor

School of Nursing

Current Mentee: I Gede Putu Darma Suyasa

INTERESTS

  • Neurology
  • Geriatric psychiatry
  • Defining how disruptive behavior in dementia is conceptualized and non-pharmacological interventions for disruptive behaviors
  • Delirium, cognitive changes in healthy older adults
  • Family dementia caregiving

Dr. Laura Struble is an Assistant Clinical Professor and a Gerontological Nurse Practitioner with specific expertise in the areas of neurology, dementia, and the care of older adults. Assisting with the nation-wide concern for health professionals to provide competent care for older adults, she serves as the gerontology curriculum expert for all of the advanced practice nursing programs at the school. She is an experienced nurse practitioner with a background in neurology, acute care and geriatric psychiatry. She has a unique perspective and helps students, clinicians and caregivers understand why difficult behaviors occur in older adults with dementia based on the patient’s brain disease, psycho/social issues and physical conditions. Non-pharmacological interventions have been studied and shown to be effective in geriatrics, especially dementia care and Dr. Struble helps translate that research into real world settings. She has made geriatric and dementia care her life’s work through clinical practice, education, and research.

CURRENT RESEARCH GRANTS AND PROGRAMS

  • The Effect of Low Level Laser Acupuncture Treatments on Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Assisted Living Residents with Dementia. Fisk Foundation Award. (PI). $28,000. (December, 2016-Present)
  • Enhancing Michigan Workforce Capacity for Behavioral Dementia Care Using the DICE Approach (MiDICE). Board of Directors of the Michigan Health Endowment Fund approved The Regents of the University of Michigan 2016 Special Projects, ID number R-1605-139821. (Co-I). $405,850.00. (January, 2017-Present).
  • Conversations as a means to delay Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) onset: PHASE II study. (National Institute of Nursing Research R56 with R01 pending). Co Site PIs Laura Struble and Kathleen Potempa. (9/2016-Present)